Support Programs for Youth Transitioning Out of Foster Care Research Paper

Support Programs for Youth Transitioning Out of Foster Care - Research Paper Example According to the research the foster care system is designed to provide temporary homes and family support for children in crisis or children who do not have parents of their own. A number of options exist for children in foster care: some are adopted by their foster families, some find permanent homes with extended family, and others are adopted by individuals or families outside the system. According to McCoy-Roth, Freundlich and Ross, federal statistics reveal that as of 2007 roughly 85 percent of all children discharged from foster care did so as a result of one of these three occurrences. However, the 15 percent not reflected by this data spend their entire childhood and youth in the foster care system, until they officially grow out of the system when they reach the age of 18. Commonly, this phenomenon is referred to as â€Å"aging out of the system†. Youth that age out of the foster system often struggle with the transition from foster care to independent living; many f eel isolated, overwhelmed, and ill-equipped for life on their own. Others lack significant and supportive relationships with adults or mentors. According to Courtney, Dworsky, Lee and Raap, the authors of the longitudinal study Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth: Outcomes at Ages 23 and 24, the propensity for drug and alcohol abuse, criminal activity, unemployment, homelessness and economic marginalization remains high among these youth. (p. 5). This policy brief focuses on the experience of youth aging out of the foster care system in California. The brief is intended for state level legislators in the departments of child welfare and social services (Bardach, 2009; Moore, 1995). This brief provides some recommendations as to how to accelerate the implementation phase of the California Fostering Connections to Success Act, commonly known as Assembly Bill 12 or AB 12, which increases the age at which youth officially leave the system from 18 to 21 (Ca lifornia Fostering Connections to Success, 2012; California Implementation News, 2012; Lemley, Raucher, & Fried, 2012). I. Introduction The purpose of this policy brief is to discuss the difficulties faced by youth aging out of the foster care system in California at the age of 18, and to provide support and recommendations for the California Fostering Connections to Success Act, as well as extending foster care beyond the age of 18 in the state of California (California Fostering Connections to Success, 2012; California Implementation News, 2012; Lemley, Raucher, & Fried, 2012). Extending foster care from the age of 18 to 21 represents a viable alternative to the current practice of releasing youth from the system at age 18 (California Fostering Connections to Success, 2012; California Implementation News, 2012; Lemley, Raucher, & Fried, 2012). This policy brief argues that the decision to age youth out at 18 is premature from a developmental standpoint and essentially flushes thes e youth into a situation that they are not developmentally equipped to navigate. The policy brief is broken down into several subsections which illustrate the need for foster care to be extended beyond the age of 18 to 21. These include the Transitional Housing Placement Plus Program (THP-Plus), the THP-Plus Statewide Implementation Project, the Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, and the California Fostering Connections to Success Act or Assembly Bill 12. The brief outlines some clear and actionable recommendations f

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 3 Session Long Project Essay

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 3 Session Long Project - Essay Example One such right is employee privacy. This includes physical and information privacy. No company can violate the employee privacy on the grounds of various ethical frameworks. If we look at testing or surveillance of employees without their consent on GPS or through any other means of technology, we can say that it should be discouraged because it renders more disadvantages than advantages to the society. For example, by tracking you employees through GPS, you are getting certain very private information and some information they might not want to tell you. This strips them of their fundamental right. It might help the firm on reducing the current bottling theft and save them a lot of money. These benefits are only for the firm. If we look at the disadvantages brought about by this surveillance of employees without their consent, they will include costs such as costs for the company, cost for the society and cost for the employee who is being monitored. For the firm, the cost would be the cost of equipment being used. For the society, the cost would be that the money spent on new technology could have been used for the benefits of the employees. For emplo yees, these costs will be explicit, For example, this might give them stress. This might also make them lose their job. However, whether or not the employee’s surveillance is justified or not is debatable. Actually, there are more chances that the employee surveillance done by The Coca-Cola Company through GPS system is justified. A company which is as big as Coca-Cola itself generally looks at the costs they are faced with before taking such decisions and only go with the option if the benefits exceed the costs. Hence, they must deem it as more advantageous and hence decided to go forward with it. However, companies are mostly concerned with their own cost and benefit analysis and they might have

services marketing Essay -- essays research papers

Services Marketing A service is the action of doing something for someone or something. It is largely intangible (i.e. not material). A product is tangible (i.e. material) since you can touch it and own it. A service tends to be an experience that is consumed at the point where it is purchased, and cannot be owned since is quickly perishes. A person could go to a cafà © one day and have excellent service, and then return the next day and have a poor experience. So often marketers talk about the nature of a service as: Inseparable - from the point where it is consumed, and from the provider of the service. For example, you cannot take a live theatre performance home to consume it ( a DVD of the same performance would be a product, not a service) Intangible - and cannot have a real, physical presence as does a product. For example, motor insurance may have a certificate, but the financial service itself cannot be touched i.e. it is intangible. Perishable - in that once it has occurred it cannot be repeated in exactly the same way. For example, once a 100 metres Olympic final has been run, there will be not other for 4 more years, and even then it will be staged in a different place with many different finalists. Variability - since the human involvement of service provision means that no two services will be completely identical. For example, returning to the same garage time and time again for a service on your car might see different levels of customer satisfaction, or speediness of work. Right of ownership - is not taken to the service, since you merely experience it. For example, an engineer may service your air-conditioning, but you do not own the service, the engineer or his equipment. You cannot sell it on once it has been consumed, and do not take ownership of it. Western economies have seen deterioration in their traditional manufacturing industries, and a growth in their service economies. Therefore the marketing mix has seen an extension and adaptation into the extended marketing mix for services, also known as the 7P's – physical evidence, process and people. Physical evidence is the material part of a service. Strictly speaking there are no physical attributes to a service, so a consumer tends to rely on material cues. There are many examples of physical evidence, including some of the following:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Packaging  · ... ... Service Many products, services and experiences are supported by customer services teams. Customer services provided expertise (e.g. on the selection of financial services), technical support(e.g. offering advice on IT and software) and coordinate the customer interface (e.g. controlling service engineers, or communicating with a salesman). The disposition and attitude of such people is vitally important to a company. The way in which a complaint is handled can mean the difference between retaining or losing a customer, or improving or ruining a company's reputation. Today, customer service can be face-to-face, over the telephone or using the Internet. People tend to buy from people that they like, and so effective customer service is vital. Customer services can add value by offering customers technical support and expertise and advice. Services Characteristics - the features of services that distinguish them from tangible products; these are intangibility, variability, inseparability and perishability. See Inseparability; Intangibility; Perishability; Variability. Services Marketing - the marketing of intangible products, such as hairdressing, cleaning, insurance and travel.

African American Oral Tradition Essay

Modern African American Literature was formed under a stressful time for Africans, slavery. The only way the stories of the indigenous people of Africa were passed down was through oral recollections, or stories of the events. In America this was especially difficult for the slaves because of laws preventing them from learning English. By not being allowed to learn English, the slaves had to learn English solely on auditory purposes. This essentially made the slaves illiterate. When the slaves transferred the language that they heard to paper, a new style of language was formed which was referred to as dialect. Dialect is what the slaves thought they heard and the correct spelling of those words, not standard English. Dunbar, who wrote fluently in both standard English and dialect was praised by white critics only for his dialect poems, and not praised for his poems in standard English. His literacy works are still alive today, however the dialect works were attached with a stigma. Usually whites despised the African’s dialect. Therefore, the slaves would not try to publish any type of work with dialect because the slaves did not want to be associated with the stigma. In all, by creating a unique dialect gave the slaves a bilingual type of style. By not being able to write, slaves also made Genres such as, spiritual, folk songs and gospels. Songs such as these were ways of passing down stories to the next generation. These songs also contained secret messages. These messages may have contained information about escape routes or even the underground- railroad. However most of the songs were spiritual in nature. The songs also progressed through the years. The originals slave folk songs, spirituals, and gospels are now prevalent in modern day jazz and the blues. Martin even gives the example of Hayden, who mixes his song ideas with the ideas of Bessie Smith. Even though African are allowed to read and write, this is a form how their culture is still expressed today. Martin made the emphasis that the oral tradition is part of the African Americans distinct culture.

Awe of A Modest Proposal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1042 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? In 1729, Jonathon Swift intended on setting the British Isles on fire with his short story A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick, or more commonly known as A Modest Proposal. First published anonymously in 1729, A Modest Proposal is an essay that, on the surface, suggests that to in order to ease the country of economic hardships, the Irish should sell their children to the rich as food. Not only does Jonathon Swift challenge the way people viewed satire, Swifts influence would change the genre for future satirists.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Awe of A Modest Proposal" essay for you Create order While the aristocratic Brits and the royalty dined on steak and sipped vintage wines, the poor in Ireland were starving. First published anonymously in 1729, the essay quickly made the rounds of the British elite, some even responding to Swift. In A Modest Proposal, Swift unleashes his anger, not only at the British exploitation of his home country Ireland but at his fellow countrymen who were doing nothing to stop the exploitation as well. The opening paragraph describes the streets of Ireland in a fashion that would make the most rational person not ever want to visit the emerald isle, It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. (Puchner, 315), Swift often wrote about how everyone in Ireland was miserable and poor. From there, Swift keeps his attack squarely on the wretched Irish. Meant to light a fire in his countrymen, sadly, his message fell flat with the Irish and a century later the country would be struck with the potato famine, losing many Irish in the process. While his message fell on deaf ears in his home country, the aristocrats found it to be quite humorous. Lord Bathhurst responded to Swift with an equal amount of satire and humor, The more I think upon this scheme, the more reasonable it appears to me; and it ought by no means to be confined to Ireland; for, in all probability, we shall, in a very little time, be altogether as poor here as you are there. (Swift, 316). Despite his countrymens lack of inspiration and the people he was lampooning finding humor in his words, the essay was a commercial success, as well as a lasting success. Social and political satire was nothing new when Swift published A Modest Proposal. But what makes Swifts essay powerful and lasting is the painstaking detail that he uses, as well as his inspiration for his work. In the 1700s, political pamphleteering was a popular way to people to get their voices heard regarding any political or social situations. Short essays regarding economics or political protests were passed out or sold to the people walking the streets, we see this today with organizations fighting the powerful corporations. Swift used the popular political pamphlets as a framework for his proposal. Swift follows the style and method of the pamphlet; the intention was that reader would take the intended message seriously. Inside, the reader would find grand statistics about how many people have children, how many of those survive, and how many should be eaten, the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table (Puchner, 316). These kinds of statistics made the essay seem not only legitimate, but it also showed that Swift had seriously thought this out, which gives the essay a grim feel. In addition to the statistics, Swift also appeals to the readers emotions by tossing in an Americans expertise on the subject, I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust. (Puchner, 316). By adding the expert opinion of an American, it helps legitimize the essay, we were the savages of the developed world, people might have thought this to be a serious essay. Another aspect of the essay that helps make it legitimate is in the last paragraph, Swift says that he cant make any money of this, because his children are too old to be sold, so by this, the reader is reminded of the authors sincerity. Swifts influence could be felt in literature, and beyond. In literature, his influence can be seen in books like The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain, or works by T.S. Eliot. The lasting effect of Swifts satire and parody can be seen today in television shows like The Colbert Report, The Daily Show, and Last Week Tonight. In The Colbert Show, the show that Swift has the most obvious influence, the host Stephen Colbert, satirized the far-right talking heads like Bill OReilly or Geraldo Rivera, by taking their self-important ego driven shows and turning it into a joke. He would deliver the news, but like OReilly or Rivera, it would be with a hard-right stance, and behind him would be images of eagles and waving flags. Jonathan Swifts political satire is a direct influence on todays television shows like The Colbert Report and The Daily Show. While A Modest Proposal might not have been the powder keg explosion that Jonathan Swift had hoped for, but in the long run, his influence is apparent in todays culture. Take a look at any comment section on a news article or a YouTube video and you are reminded of the biting satire of Jonathan Swift, though the words might not be as smart as Jonathan Swifts were. Not only did Jonathon Swift challenge the way people viewed satire by parodying the look and framework of political pamphlets of the day, Swifts influence would change the genre for future satirists.

Example Essay on Management era of HIV AIDS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3034 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Section A: Evaluation of John Ross College Corporate Social Investing (CSI) response using Ten Steps of Weeden Step 1 Replace the traditional notions of corporate philanthropy with a broader concept called corporate social investing The term philanthropy is defined as an altruistic concern for human welfare and advancement, usually manifested by donations of money, property, or work to needy persons, by endowment of institutions of learning and hospitals, and by generosity to other socially useful purposes. Philanthropy has been and it is still used by organisations/corporations to help communities. However, Weeden argues that if corporations are to become stronger allies of non-profit organizations, businesses must go beyond altruism when they look for ways to help nonprofits organizations (Weeden, C. 1998: 27). He highlights the need to replace the traditional notions of corporate philanthropy with a broader concept called corporate social investing. Real corporate social responsibility is not about philanthropy. It is much broader and much more demanding of management. According to Corporate Social Investment handbook (200) in Dickinson, corporate social responsibility should shift to more narrowly defined corporate social investment in which corporate giving makes business sense with returns in the form of image, employee moral and social stability. (Dickinson: 3) Weeden claims that corporate payments to non-profit organizations should be declared common business expenses: marketing, advertising, research etc. Prof Du Toit maintains that Business should realise that by investing in society they are not engaging in welfare but in actual investment. (Du Toit 2010: 12) John Ross College has the following community involvement; Supporting cancer relay every year, Helping Amangwe HIV/AIDS Village with toiletry boxes and clothes, supporting several local orphanages with clothes and canned food and donation to SPCA every year. These donations and activities are philanthropic and John Ross College has not embraced the concept of corporate social investing yet although these donations earn the School a good reputation in the community. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Essay on Management era of HIV AIDS" essay for you Create order Step 2 Identify a significant business reason for every corporate social investment and obtain as much business value from social investments as is allowable and practical Social investments need to have a notable link to what the business is all about. CSR should not be done because it is merely the right thing to do. It should be done because it is being business-like to do it. While society benefits from an organizations social investing, the organization is looking for a return. However, not all investments need to improve the bottom line; Reputation building and brand loyalty constitute long term benefits. Weeden points out that corporate social investing, as the term implies, starts with the premise that the investor/corporation is looking for a return. He argues that corporate profits make corporate social investing possible and in turn, social investing uses charity to create conditions that are conducive to making a profit (Weeden, C. 1998: 39). Weeden maintains that social investing disciplines a companys charity (philanthropy) so that it is focused on the same general field of interest that the corporation has marked as its own prima ry business territory. John Ross College as an organization has a number of charitable interventions that provide positive results for communities and the environment.some. The school collects money and other useful items and donates them to non-profit organizations in the community. However, there is no clear significant business reason for these John Ross College donations to the community. In a School setting, Projects like appointing student teachers that the school can support financially while they teach and study at the same time can benefit both the school and the student teachers from the community. Offering extra classes for mathematics can benefit the school because it can improve the school pass rate and also help learners to pass and if this can be extended to learners from disadvantages schools who would like to attend it can earn the school much respect within the community and many new learners to register. Step 3 Limit corporate social investments to non-profit organizations and exclusively public institutions. John Ross College donate to non-profit organizations. However, non-profit organizations like Amangwe HIV/AIDS village and SPCA are well established and have a lot of support from other corporations/organisations. Therefore, John Ross College should revisit its selection criteria so as to apply its corporate social investing where it is needed the most in the community. Step 4 Make an open statement that endorses corporate social investing or supports a broader concept that allows for social investing to be developed Statements about corporations social responsibility provide validation that corporations have taken responsible approaches. According to Weeden, it may take a little time, maybe even a lot of time, for businesses to develop a full-blown social investment strategy, but letting management and employees know that they have a ticket to make the effort is the least a company can do.( Weeden, C.1998: 57) At John Ross College everybody (management, staff, and learners) knows that the school has charity practice. There is charity collection every Thursday in school. Step 5 Send a clear message to employees and other stakeholders that the CEO endorses corporate social investing According to Weeden, social investing does not have a chance unless a companys chief executive gives it the nod. (Weeden, C.1998: 65). The Principal of John Ross College genuinely cares about the problems of the community and believes that John Ross College has a role to play in addressing those problems. She is indeed the most involved person in charity collection and allocation to the non-profit organizations. Step 6 Produce a written corporate social involvement report that includes a review of social investments at least once a year Producing a review of social investments at least once a year can give credibility to a company. Reporting allows companies to implement procedures that are manageable and logical. Furthermore, by reporting, companies demonstrate their creative and effective use of social investments. They move the business ahead while addressing social needs. Professor Du Toit argues that the review of social investments should be evaluated for quite often companies are involved in corporate social responsibility without doing the necessary research beforehand which might lead to investment in society where it is not needed most or most efficiently. (Prof Du Toit: 13) A further point is that the internal communication plan can help in providing feedback to staff and management on the corporate social investing policy and strategy, projects selected, project achievements and volunteer opportunities at existing corporate social investing projects. In a School setting like John Ross College in our case, this can be done through school newsletter, staff notice boards in public space areas, intranet and staff Meetings. In addition, the external communication plan can create public awareness for the schools corporate social investing programme and the school role in community upliftment through school website, school newsletter, public relations programme including press releases and publicity. At John Ross College there is no reporting of corporate social investments. There is indeed need for the development and implementation of the external and internal communication plan regarding social responsibility. Step 7 Commit now or by specified date at least 2.5 percent (3.5 percent for manufacturing corporations that donate product) of an average of a companys last three years of pre-tax profits for corporate social investing At John Ross College there is no formula to calculate corporate social investing expenditure. There is no budget for corporate social investing at all and the school support to no-profit organizations depend on what is collected from staff and learners. Although the students pay the school fees of R600 every month, the school does not use any percentage of this income for its support to non-profit organizations. Step 8 Postpone some or all social investing if projected business conditions warrant such action This step is the emergency brake for corporate social investing. Some or all corporate social investing may be postponed if conditions warrant it. If the emergency brake is applied, corporations can decide to increase future payments to make up for reductions. Another option is reinstating the previous level of giving. Step 9 Lock in influential line and staff leaders as co-owners of the corporate social investing program The Principal of the school should assemble the school corporate social investment committee. The Principal of the school should personally ask influential staff/teachers from across the school to take part. These influential staff/teachers should make a committee and organise meetings throughout the year to develop monitor assess and review the school social investment plan. On the one hand, the corporate social investing committee should ensure that a co-ordinated, coherent and focused social investment strategy is realized. The needs of projects that the school can support should be identified and communicated to the rest of the school to ensure that the whole school is aware of the opportunities available for corporate social investment interventions. The corporate social investing committee responsibilities should include determining the corporate social investing policy and strategy, determining the corporate social investing budget and allocation, selecting projects fo r investment, controlling the corporate social investing expenditure, monitoring the effectiveness of funded projects and reporting to the school and co-ordinating the implementation of an effective corporate social investing communication programme. On the other hand the school management team responsibilities should include final approval of the corporate social investing policy and final approval of the corporate social investing budget. Employees should be encouraged to get involved in projects that the school corporate social investing programme supports. This support can include volunteer time, financial contributions and donations in kind. Social responsibility is for the school and local communities. It is therefore essential that both the school employees and local communities own the process and its outcomes. Without this ownership, commitment will wane and the school will struggle to implement its social responsibility strategies. Employees should also be give n the opportunity to nominate their own projects for consideration for funding and nominated projects should be screened according to the criteria of selection. Step 10 Assign day-to-day management responsibility for corporate social investing to a position that is no more than one executive away from the CEO or COO The corporate social investing requires competent day to day management. The manager handles administration once the plan is in place. There should be a corporate social investing programme co-ordinator who reports on all corporate social investing activities on a regular basis. Recommendations John Ross College Corporate Social Investment practices should definitely: Be closer aligned with core business Put formula-based CSI budgets in line with Step Come up with new and refined CSI strategies with defined benefits for the business Have staff to manage formalised CSI programmes; Form long-term working partnerships with Non-Profit Organisation Put social investment, rather than grant making to the fore, with emphasis on development returns Measure CSI results against output-based objectives and CSI indicators Externally verify CSI results Increase communication about CSI and formal reporting Why it is important for organizations to be involved in supporting HIV/AIDS programmes in organizations and communities from a CSI angle According to Bezuidenhout et al (2003) in Dickinson Corporate social responsibility refers to all of an organizations impacts on society and the need to deal responsibly with the impacts on each group of stakeholders.(Dickinson: 2) Social responsibility activities can be internal or external to the business. Activities that benefit employees is internal social responsibility while aspects such as education, health etc for the community is external social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility means that businesses should play an active role in supporting the community in which they operate. Corporate social investment is part of corporate responsibility and is the investment part of a social responsibility programme. Help to promote a positive image of the business in the community and among employees, customers and others Study in the United States found that consumers who become aware of a companys negative practices: (Business for Social Responsibility), 91% would consider doing business with another company, 85% would transmit the information to family and friends, 83% would refuse to invest in the company, 80% would refuse to work for the company and 76% would boycott the companys products. (Strategies for an Expanded and Comprehensive Response to a National HIV/AIDS Epidemic: 5-7) Companies that have a good reputation often derive economic benefits through customer loyalty to their products/services, greater employee satisfaction, a greater involvement with communities and better access to concerned leaders. (Strategies for an Expanded and Comprehensive Response to a National HIV/AIDS Epidemic: 5-7) Â It will help maintain and gain customers The success of any business depends upon the economic status of the consumers. If consumers cannot afford the product, business will not make profit. So, it is essential that people in community are healthy and wealthy. Corporate social investment for the betterment of health, economic status, environment and other factors for the enhancement of the quality of life of the community would ensure that their profit margin continues. According to Prof Du Toit (2010: 2), consumers are becoming increasingly more aware of the effect of companies on nature and society and if companies are acting irresponsible in respect of nature or society, consumers do not hesitate to not support them. HIV/AIDS negatively affects workforce, market and, ultimately ability to earn a profit. Prof Du Toit (2010: 3) asserts that in the worst affected countries, one in four adults are now affected. He maintains that more than 80% of people dying of HIV/AIDS are in their 20s. And with a disproportionat e number professionals and skilled workers, the disease is hollowing out economies and leaving entire communities composed only of the very young and very old. Increase employee productivity The number of people being affected by HIV/AIDS is increasing daily. This will reduce the labour force in due course. This will result in a drop in skilled people in the business. A drop in the work force will have negative effects on the economy e.g. Low productivity. HIV/AIDS can contribute towards high absenteeism as well Volkswagen do Brazil has a comprehensive has a comprehensive programme for prevention, training and treatment for workers that has seen a 90% reduction in hospitalization and a huge positive impact on morale and productivity. (Prof Du Toit 2010: 4) In 2003, a study on six companies in South Africa and Botswana has identified that costs associated with HIV/AIDS in the work force (increased medical costs, decreased productivity, etc) was as much as 5.9% of the companies labor costs. However, the study demonstrated that all six companies would have earned positive returns on their investments and reduced this costs associated with HIV/AIDS in the work force by as much as 40.4% if they had provided free antiretroviral drugs to employees living with HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, the study has reported that the returns, in terms of cost savings through preventing HIV/AIDS, are as high as 3.5 to 7.5 times the cost of intervention. (The Business Response to HIV/AIDS 2000:18) Bloom, D. et al.2006: 11 are certainly correct in saying that HIV/AIDS affects corporations by increasing costs and reducing productivity. Their argument is that rising costs result from Greater insurance costs (e.g. life insurance premiums in Zambia quadrupled in two years), higher health care costs, increased absenteeism due to illness or caring for infected family member(s), higher recruitment and training costs for new employees and Greater funeral costs, whether due to absenteeism or actual funeral costs. Bloom, D. et al. maintain that declining productivity results from increased absenteeism, high staff turnover resulting in a loss of knowledge, intellectual capital and skills and poor morale due to loss of loved ones and/or fear of discrimination.( (Bloom, D. Et al. 2006:7) It can be concluded that all these effects as stated by Bloom, D. et al. lead to decreased individual and household purchasing power (lower income), resulting in consumers buying fewer goods and services, saving less money and paying fewer taxes. In addition, these effects lead to fewer work force, production of fewer goods and services, reduced market size leading to more competition, fewer businesses surviving and lower profits for those that do survive. ((Bloom, D. Et al. 2006:7) According to Rosen, S. et al, for most companies, HIV/AIDS can raise the cost of labor by 1-2% in companies. Rosen, S. et al conducted a study in the non-agriculture companies in South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia. This study has revealed that, in their last two years of service, employees who died of HIV/AIDS were on leave or absent from work between 18 to 50 days more than other em ployees. (Rosen, S. et al. 2006:8) Increase the effectiveness to attract and retain employees In business, reputation can have both economic and social returns. Many businesses are involved in HIV/AIDS work because they want to protect or develop their corporate reputation internally and externally. Internally, a healthy, skilled and satisfied workforce is a major asset for a company. The employees perception of the company is important for job recruitment and retention. (Strategies for an Expanded and Comprehensive Response to a National HIV/AIDS Epidemic: 5-7) Investors prefer to invest in socially responsible organizations. Firstly, business is arguably the most powerful institution of our society and the major force affecting world conditions, and secondarily, individual business corporations will survive only if they address individual and societal needs and become more effective in their processes. Prof Du Toit (2010: 2) identifies four major stakeholder groups: shareholders, employees, customers and the general public. If a company does not respond to its stakeholders concerns, it can lose customers, valuable staff, investors and access to capital assets and market share. The ILO estimates that as many as 36.5 million people who are engaged in productive activity are living with HIV. Therefore, the ILO maintains that HIV/AIDS must be recognized as a workplace issue and be treated like any other serious illness affecting employees. The ILO argues that this is necessary because on one hand, HIV/AIDS affects the workforce and on the other hand because the workplace, being part of the wide r community, has a role to play in the struggle to prevent the spread and effects of the epidemic. The ILO asserts that the workplace can be a central point for prevention and care within its existing human resource development and training programmes, health and safety structures and it is also the place where standards are set for working conditions, labour relations and the protection of workers rights.( ILO AIDS Interim Report May 2006: 8)

The Bible s Version Of How The World - 1756 Words

For hundreds of years, the majority of the world believed in the Bible’s version of how the world was created. The most common known story is from Genesis 1. In this verse from the Bible, God created the world in six days and then proceed to rest on the seventh which is why we are supposed to rest on Sundays. Each day God creates a different part of the universe. For example, the first day He creates light, the fourth and fifth day He creates all the land animals of the world, and finally on the sixth day He creates humankind, both male and female. This basic story was what most Christians accepted and believed in for thousands of years. Then in 1859, Charles Darwin released his book, On the Origin of Species, which stated that animals†¦show more content†¦It is much easier for people to say that the Bible is wrong and many have because there is not that much proof to back it up. If the Bible is taken literally word for word, a person would be able to say that it is w rong very easily, but by looking at the Bible more abstractly and interpreting it in different ways, it can fit with scientific theories much more closely. By taking a look at each day individually, what happens on and the order of these days, it become clear that creationism is quite similar to how evolution states the universe and world was created. A lot of the following ideas about each day came from an article written by David Wolper in an article called â€Å"Genesis and Science: More Aligned Than You Think?† for the Huffington Post in 2010 with a few of my own throughout. The Big Bang Theory is the scientific theory that attempts to explain how the universe was created. It states that the universe started out in a very small, very dense, and very hot area and then with the help of a huge explosion expanded into the universe we know today. What scientists have failed to prove is where the very small spot or where the first materials of the universe came from. God can be used to answer those questions. Like it states in Genesis 1, on the first day, God created heaven, earth, and light which is the Bible’s version of the Big Bang Theory. There is absolutely no way to